Grido di pietra (Cerro Torre: Schrei aus Stein)
Global Volcanism Program . Kasser, IGN, Paris; A. Nercessian, IPGP, Paris; R. Vie le Sage, DRM, Paris. Sustained seismic activity began suddenly on 9 July. The intrusive seismic crisis, similar to the ones that have preceded all the outbreaks in the central area since 1. The earthquakes were located between 1 and 2. Der Piton de la Fournaise ist ein aktiver Schildvulkan auf La R. Der Fournaise ist ein hot-spot Vulkan und z June 2014 and February 2015 eruptions. Piton de la Fournaise is located on R Le volcan de la fournaise . Photos et description de ses derni The intrusion failed to reach the surface. The deformation pattern shown by the summit dry- tilt stations seems to indicate that the intrusion was emplaced E of the summit area. This crisis peaked on 1. July with more than 1,2. From 1. 3 July to the end of the month the rate of seismicity decreased from 5- 1. It is also by far the largest recorded seismic crisis at Piton de la Fournaise. A large number of epicenters are also found along the 'Grandes Pentes' line which is the inland boundary of the 'Grand Brule' slump structure that is thought to result from the instability of the free flank of the volcano. An eruption started at 2. N of the summit at the base of the central cone (E of Crat. Deformation related to this eruption affected the summit area and the descent to the Plaine des Osmondes, corresponding to a major inflation on both sides of a N- 1. From the beginning of the eruption until 9 August, 4 x 1. Temperatures of 1,1. The eruption was continuing as of 1. August. Delattre, IPG, Paris; P. The major part of the aphyric basalt lava flow was emitted during the first 1. The lava front stayed at the bottom of the Grandes Pentes inside the Plaine des Osmondes (near the N caldera wall, figure 1. During the last week, small amounts of pahoehoe were emitted from tunnels at the foot of Crat. Seismic tremor lasted for 1. No significant deformation was recorded during August, but minor summit deflation was noted around the fissure zone. Information Contacts: H. As for the June and August eruptive episodes, seismic events were centered under Dolomieu and Soufri. After 3. 0 shallow summit seismic events, three eruptive fissures opened at 1. The first fissure (near Soufri. The second, 2. 50 m long, opened inside the Dolomieu summit crater and erupted until 0. The third, E- oriented and 5. E flank of Dolomieu (figure 1. A major cone (Thierry crater) has formed, emitting lava that advanced to an altitude of 5. After a few days, active flow fronts reached only 1,7. Thierry crater. The upper part of the fissure system was then reactivated 1. September, emitting a small amount of scoria and a small lava flow. Since 2. 0 September, lava flows have been emitted through a tube at 1,9. The volume of the lava was estimated to be 1. September. The lavas are basalts with variable amounts of olivine phenocrysts. Major degassing took place, rich in sulfur compounds. Before the 6 September eruption, a small summit inflation was recorded. Geodetic and leveling measurements show that horizontal and vertical deformation related to the new fissures reached 4. E zone of Dolomieu. Deformation has been recorded in the whole W side of the Enclos caldera. During the eruption, no significant movement was recorded, except on the E coast. Information Contacts: H. After major lava extrusion in September, lava flows were emitted at low rates through a tube at 1. The total volume of lava for the September episode is estimated to be 1. Degassing was very important, and eruptive cones were covered with sulfur deposits. This may correspond to the end of the inflation that began on 1. July (1. 0: 0. 7). In mid- October, at the end of the eruption, this deflation was recorded both at the summit station and in the caldera. After some sporadic tremors, seismic activity associated with this eruption ended on 1. October. Small deformation was measured only on the summit stations. Continuously- recording tiltmeters indicated progressive deformation on Bory Crater since 2. November. For 1. 7 minutes, very shallow low- magnitude events occurred under Dolomieu crater at depths of 0. A 1. 5- km fissure opened from the top of Bory crater down to the S flank of the central cone. This eruption lasted only 2. December at 0. 21. December at 0. 60. The amount of basaltic lava emitted was very small. No deformation was found in the rest of the geodimeter net. On the 2. 8th two strong events (2. During the evening of the 2. Dolomieu crater (1. Aphyric basalt began to cover a large part of the crater floor (figure 1. Lava fountains were 1. January). On 9 January, the main cone was still active, emitting important volumes of gases, mainly SO2. Lava temperatures were between 1,1. Some pahoehoe was observed in tubes. From 6- 2. 7 December, a progressive deformation was recorded (3. Tilt stations around the summit indicated a small summit inflation. The summit area and the S and W flanks of Bory were affected by deformation. Nothing has been detected anywhere else in the Enclos. The main cone, in the SW part of the crater (figure 1. Explosive activity was less important than during the first few days of the eruption. The vent emitted lava fountains to 2. January; afterward, fountains were limited to 1. More than 9. 5% of the crater floor has been covered by the new lava flow; maximum thickness was 2. NE part of the crater. The total volume of the emitted lavas was ~7 x 1. January. All the lavas are aphyric basalts. No significant movement was recorded between 8 and 2. January. The plume was still very rich in SO2, and numerous fumaroles were found at the base of the main cone on top of the lava tubes. This tremor has begun to decrease since 2. January on all stations except Bory. Major tremors affected the walls of the Dolomieu Crater, causing collapse and forming numerous cracks on the S rim and the rim between Bory and Dolomieu. Blum, P., Gaulon, R., Lalanne, F., and Ruegg, J., 1. Sur l'evidence de precurseurs de l'eruption du Piton de la Fournaise a la R. Information Contacts: H. Bachelery, Univ de la R. Aphyric basalt lavas covered 9. Dolomieu Crater. The volume of lava emitted is estimated to be 7 x 1. Deflation was observed on the summit levelling stations in mid- February. A short seismic crisis occurred on 1. February; events were located E of the summit at 3 km depth. Since then seismic activity has returned to a very low level. Volcanic activity in 1. The total amount of lava emitted . Summary of 1. 98. Piton de la Fournaise. Bachelery, Univ de la R. This sixth episode of the eruption . The first half of March was characterized by weak seismicity. On the l. 7th, intermediate- depth events began, centered 3 km below the summit. During the night and the next day, 7 events were recorded, all at the same depth, E of the summit zone. A seismic crisis began suddenly at 2. All of the events were shallow and centered under the summit crater. A tiltmeter on the SW flank of Bory Crater and an extensiometer inside the crater recorded a sudden movement at 2. Geodetic measurements between the Enclos Caldera and the summit showed a NW displacement of the E wall of Dolomieu. No movement was recorded within the caldera. SE caldera eruption, 1. March. Significant seismic activity during the night of 1. March followed the intrusion and preceded fracturing that began in the S part of the caldera at 0. An eruption began at 0. SE part of the caldera (at the bottom of Nez Coupe du Tremblet; figure 1. The volume of lava erupted was low, and this phase ended at 1. The seismic crisis, however, continued during the effusive activity with both deep (3- 5 km) and summit events. Upper flank eruption, 2. March. On 2. 0 March at 0. S part (near the Nez Coupe du Tremblet station), and outside the caldera. Observation of glowing lava was possible only during pre- dawn hours because of poor weather conditions and dense vegetation. Tremor increased during the night, and another 1. At 0. 90. 0, authorities evacuated 2. Two lava flows issued from the fissure, cutting the main circum- island road (RN 2) in the afternoon (at 1. One moved N of Piton Takamaka and reached the sea the next day. The second flow passed S of Piton Takamaka, stopping 2. Significant seismic activity continued in the summit area during the flank eruption. Lava destroyed 8 houses, leaving 5. The lavas are olivine basalts with a small amount of 1- 4 mm olivine phenocrysts. Effusive and seismic activity continued at a high level through 2. March. Lower flank eruption, 2. March. Seismicity increased on the 2. More than 3. 0 magnitude 1. At 0. 90. 0 a fissure opened in the circum- island road S of the volcano at < 1. Pointe de la Table) initially emitting only water vapor. At about 1. 60. 0, the fissure apparently began to extend downslope into thick forest. At 1. 70. 0, very viscous lava emerged from three vents (in the forest) at an altitude of 3. A levelling network established around the fissures showed the progressive emplacement of a shallow dike. A new tilt station 1 km away from the fissures did not record any movement. The opening of the main fissures across the road reached 1. March (7. 0 cm during the first 5 hours). After the onset of lava production, the width of the main fissure decreased by 9 cm, but widening resumed, reaching 1. Right- lateral movement accompanying the opening of the fissures was measured at 4. During the night of 2. March, more vigorous activity took place between Pointe de la Table and the circum- island road. Predominantly pahoehoe lava emerged from lava tubes and cascaded into the sea at two points near Pointe de la Table. On the 2. 4th seismicity decreased and was limited to the summit zone. Effusive activity stopped on the upper flank fissure (near Piton Takamaka) that had begun to erupt on 2. March, but significant degassing continued. Activity from the lower flank fissures was strongest on 2. March at about 1. Outflow rates on the 2. By the time lava production stopped on 2. March at 0. 10. 0, 3- 4 x 1. The lava front in the sea was ~1. The volume of degassed magma was ~5 x 1. This flow was less olivine- rich than the Takamaka lava. Summit eruption and pit crater formation, 2. March- 5 April. On 2. March at 1. 00. 0 a new seismic crisis began, with tremor on the dome at 1. Forma parte del Arco volc. La de Basse- Terre, en la que se encuentra La Soufri. Ellos son, enumerados de m. Sumados, forman una masa volc. Las dataciones radiom. De su interior comenz. Es a expensas de este . La roca de la base del domo se encuentra alterada por los flujos h. Las formas cristalinas de este elemento fueron utilizadas por los colonizadores para fabricar p. Describe las grandes fumarolas como . Compara la actividad de La Soufri. Estos indicios se intensificaron a partir de noviembre, lo que movi. El gobierno de la isla, vistas las consecuencias pasadas de considerar inofensivos a volcanes vecinos como el Monte Pel. Por lo tanto, correspondi. Este es el tema de su pel. Es de hacer notar que cualquier tipo de erupci. C. Frecuencia: cada 2. Al menos una de ellas provoc. Sin embargo y a pesar de ello, los conos del Echelle y de la Citerne son de esa naturaleza y se formaron por este mecanismo hace entre 1. Se produjeron muchas de ellas durante la formaci. Esta acertada medida fue la que permiti. Las diferentes clases de erupciones descritas m. Sin embargo, la experiencia derivada de la erupci. A pesar de que el domo ya no est. Se llega al punto de partida por la ruta D1. Saint- Claude. Debe llevarse ropa de lluvia y calzado adecuado.
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